When I started writing this blog eighteen months ago, there
were numerous sporting events that immediately sprung to mind when I considered
which topics to cover. One certainty was that at some point I would try my very
best to research, investigate, and compose a piece about the 1988 Olympics
Men's 100 metres final in Seoul.
And then I read The
Dirtiest Race in History by Richard Moore
and realised that, in comparison, my amateur efforts would struggle to qualify
from the heats.
Johnson's route to the top was not particularly smooth. Moore recounts tales that even make you feel some sympathy
for a man who would go on to cheat his way to gold medals, for example, the
development of a stutter, which coincided with his mum moving to Canada.
It would be a full four years before Johnson joined Gloria in Toronto,
but his early years in Canada
were hardly idyllic, with Johnson subjected to bullying at school. One
particular bully was finally silenced by Johnson, after he challenged his
tormentor to a race. Johnson won that battle, before meeting the man who would
change his life forever.
Charlie Francis coached Johnson for eleven years. The book
covers Francis' time as a Canadian sprinter, his last place in the 1972 Olympic
100 metres quarter final, the eye-opening conversations he had with fellow
athletes about the widespread use of drugs, and his conviction that, as a
coach, his athletes were not going to be handicapped in the same way as he had
been. The beauty of Moore's book is the way he
lays out the crucial pieces of the jigsaw, which results in us seeing the full
picture before the defining moment in Seoul.
Francis' involvement in Johnson's journey to the top is laid out before us, as
is that of Doctor 'Jamie' Astaphan. They are an integral part of the saga, and Moore has left no stone
unturned in this regard.
Francis approached Johnson in September 1981 about the issue
of drugs. Initially Johnson was reluctant, but soon the sad mantra within
athletics of "if you don't take it, you won't make it" seeped into
his conscience. Johnson's progression from scrawny kid to the muscle-bound
figure we all grew aware of in the mid-eighties had begun. A silver medal in
the 100m at the Commonwealth Games of 1982 was followed with a bronze at the
1984 Los Angeles Olympics, a games in which Carl Lewis should have emerged from
as America's
national hero. But as Moore
explains, this certainly was not the case.
In my naivety, I had assumed that Lewis must have been
adored by all Americans, especially during the LA Olympics. Moore's investigation into Lewis and his
relationship with the American press, team-mates and fans soon put me straight,
however. The author describes an article in Sports Illustrated prior to the
games which described Lewis as "vain, shallow and self-absorbed";
highlights the backlash to Lewis delaying his entry into the Olympic Stadium
with Michael Jordan; how his absence from the Olympic Village further alienated
Lewis from his team-mates; how Lewis was booed after only jumping once in the
long jump final; and astonishingly, how some of the American press called Lewis
the "Flying Faggot", due to rumours about his sexuality.
Before the Olympics, Joe Douglas (Lewis' manager) had
predicted that Lewis would be as big as Michael Jackson. It was of course
poppycock. Moore
informs us that none of the big-hitters came in for Lewis, even though the
American had emulated Jesse Owens' achievement of four golds. No Coca-Cola, no
Pepsi, McDonalds or American Express. If Lewis was to continue to pull money
in, then he would need to do so through appearance fees at European meetings.
Johnson's emergence from the pack to challenge Lewis' supremacy would cause the
American a lot of pain and angst through the years, but he would openly admit
that the growing rivalry between the pair earned him fantastic riches.
The second part of the book deals with the clashes between
the duo, in particular charting the races between Johnson and Lewis from 1985
onwards; the first time in which the Canadian beat the Olympic champion. Moore chooses a chapter
title which sums up the score at the time: Lewis 8, Johnson 1, but from
Johnson's maiden triumph at the Zurich Weltklasse meeting in August 1985,
things began to change.
The final win of Johnson's four consecutive victories over
Lewis before the World Championships in Rome in
1987 came in Seville.
It was a feisty affair, won by Johnson by 0.01 of a second, although Moore recalls how Lewis
seemed sure that he had sneaked it: "Lewis throws an arm in the air, a
gesture reminiscent of a boxer who suspects he's been defeated but celebrates
in a desperate bid to influence the judges." The row became heated and the
pair had to be separated by Mel Lattany, a former American sprinter. It is
another insight into how the pair had grown to dislike each other. All of a
sudden, their rivalry was being spoken in the same breath as Ali-Frazier and
Borg-McEnroe.
What was clear at the time, and is accurately portrayed in Moore's version of
events, is the growing sense of injustice felt by Lewis post-Rome. Johnson
destroyed Lewis by a tenth of a second to win the world title, setting a new
world record in the process, and despite the possible accusations Lewis may
have faced about sour grapes, he decided that he had to speak out. "A lot
of people have come out of nowhere and are running unbelievably, and I just
don't think they're doing it without drugs," stated Lewis on an ITV
interview, although Moore reveals another quote which did not make the final edit
that would have been sensational if it had: "If I were taking drugs, I
could do a 9.80 right away-just like him." Strong stuff, but with no out
of competition testing back then, Moore rightly points out that Johnson seemed
untouchable.
With the success came new challenges for Johnson. In 1988,
he would split from Francis over differences of opinions towards training,
although eventually the two would get back together to plot Johnson's attempt
at gold in Seoul.
A hamstring injury threatened to ruin Johnson's preparations, and an ever expanding
entourage surrounded him as never before, with the growing influence of
Astaphan a key part of the tale.
Lewis had problems of his own, however, not that we knew
this at the time. Unbeknown to the general public until 2003, Lewis had failed
a drugs test at the US
Olympic trials, his urine sample containing banned stimulants. Although the
volume of substances found in Lewis' urine would not see him banned today, at
the time he should have been kicked off of the Olympic team. The Americans
managed to clear him on appeal, under inadvertent usage, yet how different
would sporting history have been if Lewis, who had been spent the last year dropping
strong hints about his rivals' drug use, had been prevented from running in
Seoul due to a failed test?
Naturally the book moves towards the final showdown, yet Moore manages to pace the arrival at the starting blocks
in Seoul
superbly. At no point are you thinking "just cut to the chase", as
you realise that what you are reading in the lead-up to the Olympic final is a
crucial part of the narrative. Lewis beating his rival for the first time in
five meetings at Zurich;
details of Johnson's final steroid programme twenty-six days before the
Olympics; the brewing tension between Francis and Astaphan; the threat from
Astaphan to Johnson that he wanted a million dollars, otherwise he would spill
the beans. Like a good film, all the threads of the plot begin to entwine, as Moore expertly captures
the mood, and works his way to the seismic conclusion.
The race itself is portrayed succinctly, as I guess is
fairly inescapable for such a short race, yet still the depiction of the 9.79
seconds of action is painted excellently. The explosive start from Johnson,
which for once was almost matched by Lewis; the look of utter concern on Lewis'
face as the race unfolds; the fact that Lewis ran out of his lane, such was his
preoccupation with the Canadian; the emphatic celebration of Johnson
("...his right arm shoots straight up in the air, finger pointing decisively
skyward. Take that"); the total blanking Johnson gave to Lewis when the
American shook his hand.
Of course, this isn't where the story ends. Johnson's
subsequent disqualification rocked the sporting world - you do wonder what
would happen in the age of 24 hour channels and the Internet if a similar thing
were to happen today - with Moore covering the dramatic events from the
perspective of the laboratory testers, to the media gathered in Seoul, via
Johnson, Lewis, Francis, Astaphan, and numerous other parties involved.
Moore
somehow managed to make me feel a little bit of sorrow towards Johnson,
especially when a Canadian official asks for his medal back. "I can't lose
something I never owned," said Johnson, in a very matter of fact way,
although it doesn't take too long for the feelings of anger to return, as Moore
tells us of the hurt caused towards Canadians back home, and Johnson's argument
that the shady mystery man Andre 'Action' Jackson had set him up during the
drug testing procedure sounded pathetic.
If Johnson had been set up, then that was an unfortunate
incident and one which cannot be pardoned. But as Moore describes the details of the Dubin
Inquiry, when Francis, Astaphan and then Johnson revealed the full extent of
what had gone on, it wasn't as if Johnson was speaking from a position of
strength about the conspiracy theory. He was a cheat regardless of whether he
was framed or not.
It is always a sign of a good book that you pick it up and
never want to put it down. The kind which you rattle through forty pages or so
without realising, due to the brilliant writing and readability of the
material. Richard Moore has managed to write a book so well thought out, so
painstakingly researched, that you cannot fail to appreciate just how good it
is. A book which covers every aspect of the Johnson-Lewis story in such minute
details, that it should be the first port of call for anyone who wants to learn
anything about the subject.
I could only ever dream of writing a book along the lines of
The Dirtiest Race in History. But as
a sports nut, and for someone fascinated in the Johnson-Lewis rivalry, you have
to be thankful that Richard Moore has produced such a high quality book on one
of the biggest sporting events of the 1980s.
"I've just been handed a piece of paper which if it's right, it'll be the most dramatic story out of these Olympics perhaps any others".
ReplyDelete- Des Lynam's immortal line on the BBC.
Moore's book is a fascinating read. I'm a bit of a fundamentalist when it comes to being anti-drugs in sport (certain unbelievable physical feats in a certain sport over recent years have had me stroking my chin suspiciously) yet somehow Johnson seems to come out of the whole story as more sympathetic than Lewis, who has always struck me as being quite arrogant.
Would I be right in saying that of the 8 finalists in Seoul, only Calvin Smith was never implicated in some form of drugs related shenanigans during the course of their respective careers?
DeleteCalvin Smith and Robson da Silva were the only two in the race who were never tainted with allegations of drug-related issues
DeleteThe book is a fantastic read. Even though we all know the outcome, the drama from page to page is palpable. Looking back, it was as clear as anything that Johnson was more pumped up than the Michelin Man but I was devastated as I had no time for Lewis (or most American athletes) back then. Well, maybe still now too…
ReplyDelete